
\begin{table}
\caption{Predicting nostalgia (DistilBERT) using mixed-effects models with random intercepts for countries, parties, and elections (M1 and M3), and a fixed-effects models with country-fixed effects and standard errors clustered by party (M2 and M4). Intercept omitted from table.}
\begin{center}
\begin{footnotesize}
\begin{tabular}{l c c c c}
\hline
 & M1 (mixed-effects) & M2 (fixed-effects) & M3 (mixed-effects) & M4 (fixed-effects) \\
\hline
Cultural Conservatism     & $1.71^{**}$ & $2.32^{**}$ &                &                    \\
                          & $(0.56)$    & $(0.84)$    &                &                    \\
Government                & $1.26$      & $1.72$      & $1.28$         & $1.72$             \\
                          & $(1.26)$    & $(1.45)$    & $(1.26)$       & $(1.56)$           \\
Vote Share                & $-0.04$     & $-0.06$     & $-0.07$        & $-0.11^{\dagger}$  \\
                          & $(0.07)$    & $(0.05)$    & $(0.07)$       & $(0.07)$           \\
Unemployment (t-1)        & $-0.01$     & $0.02$      & $0.03$         & $0.03$             \\
                          & $(0.16)$    & $(0.19)$    & $(0.16)$       & $(0.19)$           \\
Christ. Dem. (ref.: Nat.) &             &             & $-14.03^{***}$ & $-6.91$            \\
                          &             &             & $(3.99)$       & $(5.54)$           \\
Conservative              &             &             & $-15.27^{***}$ & $-10.07^{\dagger}$ \\
                          &             &             & $(4.11)$       & $(5.23)$           \\
Ecological                &             &             & $-23.19^{***}$ & $-17.91^{***}$     \\
                          &             &             & $(4.52)$       & $(4.93)$           \\
Liberal                   &             &             & $-22.13^{***}$ & $-16.98^{***}$     \\
                          &             &             & $(3.74)$       & $(5.03)$           \\
Other                     &             &             & $-19.13^{***}$ & $-14.06^{**}$      \\
                          &             &             & $(3.79)$       & $(5.21)$           \\
Social Dem.               &             &             & $-18.22^{***}$ & $-13.24^{*}$       \\
                          &             &             & $(3.85)$       & $(5.23)$           \\
Socialist                 &             &             & $-23.31^{***}$ & $-18.02^{***}$     \\
                          &             &             & $(3.82)$       & $(5.07)$           \\
\hline
AIC                       & $14281.64$  & $$          & $14227.27$     & $$                 \\
BIC                       & $14324.60$  & $$          & $14302.46$     & $$                 \\
Log Likelihood            & $-7132.82$  & $$          & $-7099.64$     & $$                 \\
N                         & $1588$      & $1588$      & $1588$         & $1588$             \\
N Groups: Parties         & $365$       & $$          & $365$          & $$                 \\
N Groups: Countries       & $24$        & $$          & $24$           & $$                 \\
R$^2$                     & $$          & $0.19$      & $$             & $0.22$             \\
Adj. R$^2$                & $$          & $0.17$      & $$             & $0.20$             \\
RMSE                      & $$          & $21.75$     & $$             & $21.36$            \\
N Clusters (Parties)      & $$          & $365$       & $$             & $365$              \\
\hline
\multicolumn{5}{l}{\tiny{$^{***}p<0.001$; $^{**}p<0.01$; $^{*}p<0.05$; $^{\dagger}p<0.1$}}
\end{tabular}
\end{footnotesize}
\label{tab:fixed_effects}
\end{center}
\end{table}
